Gynaecology
Ovarian Masses
Ovarian masses refer to abnormal growths or lumps that develop within or on the ovaries, which are the female reproductive organs responsible for producing eggs and hormones. Ovarian masses can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), and their discovery may be incidental during routine pelvic examinations or may present with symptoms that prompt further investigation.
Benign ovarian masses often include cysts, which are fluid-filled sacs that form on or within the ovaries. Functional cysts, such as follicular and corpus luteum cysts, are common and typically resolve on their own without treatment. Other types of benign ovarian masses may include dermoid cysts, cystadenomas, and endometriomas. While benign masses are generally not cancerous, they can cause symptoms such as pelvic pain, bloating, or changes in menstrual cycles.
Malignant ovarian masses, on the other hand, may represent ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer often goes undetected in its early stages, and symptoms may be vague or attributed to other conditions. Common symptoms associated with malignant ovarian masses include persistent abdominal or pelvic pain, bloating, difficulty eating or feeling full quickly, and changes in urinary urgency or frequency.
Diagnostic evaluation of ovarian masses typically involves imaging studies such as ultrasounds or MRI, blood tests to assess tumor markers like CA-125, and sometimes a biopsy for definitive diagnosis. Transvaginal ultrasound is a common tool for visualizing ovarian masses and determining their characteristics.
Treatment options for ovarian masses depend on factors such as the type of mass, its size, and whether it is causing symptoms. Benign masses may be monitored over time, especially if they are small and asymptomatic. Surgical removal, often through minimally invasive laparoscopic procedures, may be recommended for larger or symptomatic masses.
In cases where ovarian cancer is suspected, treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, and sometimes radiation therapy. Early detection is crucial for improving the prognosis of ovarian cancer, as advanced stages are associated with more limited treatment options and a lower chance of cure.
Regular gynecological examinations, awareness of symptoms, and seeking prompt medical attention for persistent pelvic discomfort or changes in reproductive health are essential for the early detection and management of ovarian masses. Women with a family history of ovarian cancer or certain genetic mutations may be at higher risk and may benefit from personalized screening and preventive measures.
In summary, ovarian masses can be either benign or malignant, and their evaluation and management depend on factors such as size, type, and associated symptoms. Early detection and prompt medical attention are crucial for effective management, especially when ovarian cancer is a concern.
